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To hold the sand together and create a sturdy mold, binders are mixed with the sand. The most traditional binder is clay, often used in green sand casting processes. Bentonite clay is the most common type, as it swells when wet and provides excellent mold strength. Modern sand casting may utilize chemical binders like phenolic resins or water-soluble binders, which harden upon heating or curing. These advanced binders allow for finer mold details and improved surface finishes, facilitating more intricate designs in the final products.