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Universal die casting refers to a standardized and versatile method of casting that can accommodate various metal alloys, including aluminum, zinc, and magnesium. The process predominantly involves two main techniques high-pressure die casting (HPDC) and low-pressure die casting (LPDC). In high-pressure die casting, molten metal is injected into the mold under high pressure, which allows for rapid filling and minimizes defects. Conversely, low-pressure die casting utilizes gravity or low pressure to fill molds, which is ideal for larger parts and can result in improved mechanical properties.

Plaster sand casting is a type of casting method where a mixture of plaster and sand is used to create molds. Unlike traditional sand casting that utilizes only sand and a binding agent, plaster sand casting incorporates gypsum plaster, which allows for the creation of highly detailed and smoother surface finishes. The plaster provides a rigid framework while the sand offers bulk and stability, making it an excellent choice for producing intricate designs.