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At its core, sand casting involves creating a mold from sand, which is then filled with molten metal to create a desired shape. The process begins with the creation of a pattern, usually made of wood or metal, which reflects the final product's dimensions. This pattern is placed in a molding box filled with sand, often combined with a binding agent, to ensure it holds its shape. After the pattern is removed, the cavity left behind serves as the mold for pouring the molten lead.