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2. Cooling Time The cooling phase is essential for ensuring that the part solidifies adequately before ejection. Cooling time can be estimated using the thickness of the part and the thermal conductivity of the material. A common approximation for cooling time (\(t_{cool}\)) is given by

Custom machining refers to the manufacturing process of creating parts or components that fit specific criteria or specifications. Unlike mass production, where identical parts are produced in bulk, custom machining focuses on producing unique pieces that meet clients' particular demands. These parts can be crafted from a variety of materials such as metals, plastics, and composites, using different machining methods.

Stainless steel castings must not have cracks and incomplete penetration in the welding area. Castings are allowed to have pores or inclusions with a larger diameter not greater than 2 mm and not exceeding 1/3 of the wall thickness in any welding area. One, the margin of the product is not 10 mm.