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The sand casting process begins with the creation of a pattern, which is a replica of the object to be cast. The pattern is typically made from metal, wood, or plastic and is slightly larger than the finished product to account for shrinkage during the cooling process. Once the pattern is ready, a two-part mold is formed by packing sand mixed with a bonding agent around the pattern. The sand needs to be tightly packed to ensure it can withstand the molten metal's weight and temperature.

Plastic die casting is a manufacturing process used to produce parts by injecting molten plastic into a mold. The molds, or dies, are typically made of steel or aluminum and are designed to create parts of specific shapes and sizes. Once the plastic cools and solidifies, the mold is opened, and the finished part is ejected. This process allows for the efficient mass production of highly detailed components with smooth surfaces and dimensional accuracy.